Blue41

Resource hub

Explore our articles to learn more about what we do and how we can help.

Featured whitepaper

Cybersecurity of AI agents in financial services under EU law

Why behavioural monitoring is becoming a compliance requirement for AI agents under the AI Act, DORA, GDPR and the Cyber Resilience Act.

Cybersecurity of AI agents in financial services under EU law whitepaper
Whitepaper

Five questions EU law expects you to answer after an AI agent incident

When an AI agent goes off script, the AI Act, DORA, the GDPR and the Cyber Resilience Act expect you to have answers. Five questions to test whether you would.

Henrik Nolte ·

A Hugging Face emoji in the grip of a dark spiral, beside a no-filming-allowed sign
Field notes

What the OpenAI x Hugging Face incident reveals about detecting agent behavior at runtime

The OpenAI x Hugging Face incident shows how difficult it is to maintain visibility over autonomous agents once they are running.

Tim Van hamme ·

Beyond the lethal trifecta
Research

Beyond the lethal trifecta

The lethal trifecta has become the default model for reasoning about AI agent risk, but it only captures the confidentiality corner. As agents gain tools, integrity and availability risks demand a fuller model built on data flow.

Yusuf Hussein ·

Agent security is a workflow problem
Field notes

The Meta AI security incident shows the risk of unauthorized agentic workflows

Attackers reportedly used Meta's AI support assistant to take over high-value Instagram accounts by combining legitimate capabilities into an unauthorized workflow. The broader lesson is that tool-calling AI agents introduce security risks at the workflow level.

Thomas Vissers ·

Banking AI assistant security risk
Case study

How we helped a leading European bank secure their financial AI assistant

Blue41 tested how a European banking AI assistant handled untrusted transaction data. The case shows why financial institutions need runtime visibility and layered controls when deploying AI assistants in banking.

Thomas Vissers & Tim Van hamme ·

Field notes

Lessons from the Blue41 x OWASP workshop on breaking AI guardrails

Tim Van hamme ·

System level defenses and visibility will protect AI agents
Research

Inside the AI security conclave

At last week's invite-only Dagstuhl Seminar on LLM Security, Blue41 joined leading researchers from academia and industry in reaching a clear consensus: AI security must evolve beyond input-output filtering to systems-level defense.

Tim Van hamme ·

AI guardrails get broken
Research

Why AI security must move beyond guardrails

Researchers from OpenAI, Anthropic, Google DeepMind, and ETH Zürich published a joint study with a sobering conclusion: the guardrails protecting today’s AI applications can be bypassed across the board.

Thomas Vissers ·

Playground
Research

Jailbreaking: The Researcher's Playground

Jailbreaking: Not just a researcher's game. Discover why today's AI safety measures might be more fragile than you think.

Tim Van hamme ·

Prompt Injection 101
Explainer

Unmasking Prompt Injection Attacks

This article explains what (indirect) prompt injection attacks are, how they differ from jailbreaks, and offer key strategies to secure LLM-powered systems.

Tim Van hamme ·

Real-world attacks
Case study

Real-world attacks on LLM applications

Attacks like prompt injections, indirect prompt injections, and the inherent issue of hallucinations are not just theoretical threats—they are being actively exploited and cause damage to businesses.

Thomas Vissers ·

Hallucinations
Explainer

Hallucinations: LLMs' major reliability problem

Despite the powerful capabilities of LLMs, enterprises face challenges when moving from prototypes to production-grade AI deployments. A key concern when exposing LLM-based systems to the real word is reliability, most notably exemplified by so-called hallucinations.

Thomas Vissers ·

Cyber Security Coalition
Field notes

LLMs: The Next Frontier in Cybersecurity?

This post delves into the intricacies of LLMs, exploring how they work and the vulnerabilities they present, especially when used in applications such as AI assistants.

Jo De Brabandere ·